By conservative estimates upward of 10 million Africans survived the Middle Passage and were enslaved in the Americas. More than 90 percent of these Africans were taken to South America and the Caribbean Islands. About 4.6 percent, or roughly half a million Africans, were transported to the United States. Nearly twice as many were sent to Cuba (7.3 percent), Jamaica (7.8 percent), and Haiti (9 percent). The majority of enslaved Africans, about five million, were transported to South America, most to Brazil (38.2 percent).

From Jubilee: The Emergence of African-American Culture, by Howard Dodson, published by National Geographic Books (February 2003) in association with the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.

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